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Linden

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Linden is a country district lying along the shore of the Northumberland Strait about 10 miles from Pugwash, 16 from Oxford and 20 from Amherst.  At one time, it took in Cameron Beach, Heather Beach,  Upper Linden, West Linden, Linden Corner, East Linden and Lower Linden. 

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Linden was initially called Goose River as the Indians used it as a game preserve and trapping ground.  However, in about 1880, tired of being called the Goslings of Goose River, the citizens changed the name to Linden. The land at the beaches first belonged to the Micmac Indians and then the government gave it to James Jones in a grant and then to John Cameron.

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The first white man to live in Goose River was Mr. Burnell.  He built a schooner there in 1809.  The first to stay was Martin Hunter, son of David Hunter of Ireland (his father had been born in Scotland) and Margaret Martin of Ulster.  Their ship had been headed to Philadelphia in 1769 but was shipwrecked  at Sable Island.  An accompanying ship collected the passengers and unloaded them at Halifax.  David and Margaret moved to Windsor, Hants County where their children were born.  In 1809, Martin, their son, saw the land at Goose River and liked it.  He rode to Amherst and found the grantee. He asked what he wanted for the land and the owner said, “For that horse and saddle, the land is yours.”  The trade was made and Martin walked the 20 miles back with all his food and possessions and built a cabin. He went for seed grain to Baie Verte, carrying it home on his back, a distance of around 20 miles.  He first  lived with a Micmac woman with whom he had a number of children.  He then married Ann Kirby, secondly to Mary (Polly) Berry from Amherst with whom he had six sons and three daughters and finally to Rosanna Campbell.

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[From a letter by George E. Hunter, grandson of Martin]

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In 1818, there was an influx of Irish settlers.  John Moore, John Angus, James Burns and families were three who shipped together on the Jesse and landed at St. John and traveled through Amherst, Shinimicas and Northport and finally settled in Goose River.

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The 1827 census shows 100 males and 81 females living in Goose River.  Surnames include Angus, Beaton, Brown, Brownell, Cooper, Ebertson, Evens, Findlay, Hunter, Johnson, Maddison, Mickey, Mills, Mood, Morrison, Robb, Smith and Wood.

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Highway 6 was known as the Amherst Pictou Trunk Road, and at one time stage coaches would have traveled it between these two places.  This travel necessitated taverns - there was one near Linden Corner run by a Mrs. Mickey.  She had a few young men around to tend the horses: one of them was Sandy Wilson.  This road was eventually called the Post Road and then Highway 6.

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The first mail was driven from Amherst to Pugwash by a coach and four horses, going one day and coming back the next.  The post office was at a Mr. MacKie’s.

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The first Baptist church was built in 1853.  The Covenanters built a church just across from it.  They were Irish Presbyterians;  it was a rather austere faith, but after the death of their missionary Alexander Clarke in 1874, they were gradually absorbed into the larger Presbyterian movement.  This initial Covenant church was torn down in 1919.


Their minister Rev. Mr. William Stavely Darragh and many of the congregation were in disagreement which caused a split from the Covenanters.  These political divisions caused him and his followers to get locked out of the church in 1859.  They joined the Presbyterian Church.

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The Baptists allowed them to use their church until a new Presbyterian church was built. Called the Renwick Church after a Scottish Covenant martyr (James Renwick), land was purchased from Alexander Leslie, and the deeds were signed by John Moore, James Moore and John Burns.  It was built by volunteers and finished by Henry Chapman in 1864.  It was about a mile further west towards Amherst from the Mt. Pleasant Church. The church continued to be active until 2016.        

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There were two school districts in Linden: Upper and Lower.  The Lower Linden school was about a mile north of Linden Corner on the Northport Road.  The Upper Linden school was on Highway 6 across from the communication tower.  It is currently used as the Linden Community Centre and is celebrating its 40th year as a hall.

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Vester Burns owned the first store.  John Huston owned the first blacksmith shop which was situated at Linden Corner.  His wife owned the first sawmill.  A later store in Lower Linden was owned by Curt Wood, and it became a gathering place for the community.  It was also the only gas outlet and also had one of the few telephones.

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John Moore made the first grist mill.  It had large sails and used wind to power it, but it was not very successful.  When he built his third building, he built near a brook and used water which was more reliable.  He and his son, Samuel, ground grain and made oatmeal.  The mill stones were moved to Oxford in the 1910's and used as doorstops for the Millstone Hotel.    

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John Moore’s son, John Jr. invented the double harpoon for pitching off hay.  Eaton’s catalogued it as the John Moore fork for many years.

 

Telephone service was started by the Maritime Telephone Company.  There were about 15 customers hooked into a central switchboard in Atlee Smith’s home in Lower Linden, his wife being the operator.

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The Sunrise Trail (#6) was not kept open to cars during winter as there were no plows.  One early spring thrill was when the first cars of the season came through, or tried to, and often got stuck in the mud holes in front of the school.  For Minard Wood, a local farmer, this was a seasonal source of revenue, as he would bring out his team of horses and pull these early birds through the mud holes and send them on their way to the next mud hole. 

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Heather Beach by the 1930's was mostly miners and their families from the coalfields of Springhill who had the cottages there.  They had some money to spend and were welcomed by the farmers of the area for their patronage of their produce.  Cameron Beach also gradually filled up with cottagers.

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In 1948, farming and some fishing and lumbering were the mainstays of the community.

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Excerpted from an article in the 1948 Oxford Journal by Geraldine Moore, a book Recrossing the Portages of Life by Kurt Speth and a history by George Moore.

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Some Early Civil Marriages

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10-01-1865    Amherst Cum Co    Pb    Rev Archibald Thomson
PATTERSON    David    46    B    shopkeeper    Linden Cum Co    W J & 
TRUEMAN    Sarah    24    S        Amherst Cum Co        Amos & 

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25-02-1865    Shinimicas Bridge Cum Co    Pb    Rev Archibald Thomson
ANGUS    Henry    28    B    farmer    Linden Cum Co        S & Sarah Brennan
BRANDER    Susan    24    S        Shinimicas Bridge Cum Co    James & Lily Brander

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26-04-1866    Linden Cum Co    Pb    Rev Archibald Thomson
HUSTON    Thomas    __    B    Linden Cum Co         & 
ANGUS    Sophia    __    S        Linden Cum Co         & 

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06-12-1866    Linden Cum Co    Bp    Rev Thomas A Blackadar
BIRD    John    53    W    farmer    Maccan Cum Co            Henry & 
MILLS    Demas    43    S        Linden Cum Co            Sherwood &  

   

16-01-1867    Linden Cum Co    Pb    Rev Archibald Thomson
TINGLEY    Joshua    27    B    farmer    Shemogue NB            Joshua & Cynthia
HUNTER    Lilly A    20    S        Linden Cum Co        Keiver & Theodosia

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19-09-1867    Linden Cum Co    Pb    Rev Archibald Thomson
FINLEY    James W    27    B    farmer    Linden Cum Co    Robert & Annie
DAVIS    Elizabeth    24    S        Linden Cum Co    George E & Mary

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10-01-1868    Linden Cum Co    Pb    Rev Archibald Thomson
MCMORRIS    Samuel    27    B    farmer    Shemogue NB            William & Eleanor
HUNTER    Charlotte    19    S        Linden Cum Co    R & Theodosia

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14-01-1868    Amherst Cum Co    Pb    Rev Archibald Thomson
SMITH    Robert Wesley    25    B miner Shinimicas Bridge Cum Co    Wesley & Jane
BRANDER    Elizabeth    22    S    Linden Cum Co        James & Lily

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16-11-1868    Amherst Head Cum Co    Pb    Rev Archibald Thomson
BAXTER    Thomas    28    B    farmer    Linden Cum Co    Willis & Mary Ann
BROWNELL    Cynthia M    18    S    Shinimicas Bridge Cum Co    Jeremiah & Mary Amelia

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30-12-1869    Amherst Cum Co    Pb    Rev Archibald Thomson
SMITH    Matthew A    26    B farmer Shinimicas Bridge Cum Co    John W & Sarah
MILLS    Janet    21    S        Linden Cum Co            Daniel & Isabel

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08-11-1871    Pugwash Cum Co    Bp    Rev E B Corey
FINLEY    Jeremiah    27    B    farmer    Linden Cum Co    Robert & Amy
STUART    Basa Ann    28    S    Pugwash River Cum Co    Stephen & Eliza

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15-01-1873    Amherst Cum Co    Mt    Rev John Waterhouse
BAXTER    Adolphus    42    B    farmer    Amherst Head Cum Co    Augustus & Sarah
CHAPPELL    Caroline    36    W        Linden Cum Co    Burton & Jane

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12-03-1873    Leicester Cum Co    Bp    Rev E B Corey
WOOD    Amos    25    B    farmer        Linden Cum Co    Samuel & Maria
MILLS    Margaret    25    S        Leicester Cum Co        Charles & Barbara

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11-02-1875    Linden Cum Co    Bp    Rev David W Crandall
FOUNTAIN    Amos    28    B    blacksmith    Middleboro Cum Co    Ephraim & 
HOLLIS    Mary Jane    20    S        Linden Cum Co    Timothy & 

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04-08-1875    Pugwash Cum Co    Pb    Rev John McRae Sutherland
MCDONALD    William    30    B    farmer Linden Cum Co        William & Mary Ann Campbell
HUTCHISON    Emily    29    S        Pugwash Cum Co        Archibald & M Stewart

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27-12-1876    Pugwash Cum Co    Pb    Rev John McRae Sutherland
ANGUS    Allison    23    B    farmer    Linden Cum Co        William & Isabella
MITCHELL    Susannah    24    S        Linden Cum Co    Thomas & Elizabeth

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04-01-1877    Linden Cum Co    Bp    Rev David W Crandall
MILLS    S C    22    B    mechanic    Springhill Cum Co        Amos & 
HUNTER    Mary Olivia    28    S        Linden Cum Co    Martin & 

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25-01-1877    Pugwash Cum Co    Pb    Rev John McRae Sutherland
DUNBAR    John    28    B    farmer    Port Howe Cum Co        Alexander & 
MCDONALD    Maggie    17    S        Linden Cum Co    Robert & 


04-09-1877    Head Wallace Bay Cum Co    Pb    Rev John McRae Sutherland
MORAN    John    23    B    farmer    Head of Wallace Bay Cum Co    John & Nancy
RIPLEY    Charlotte    20    S        Linden Cum Co    Joseph & Sarah

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07-01-1878    Mount Pleasant Cum Co    Bp    Rev E B Corey
MATTINSON    John William    26    B    farmer    Mount Pleasant Cum Co    William & 
HOLLIS    Celia    16    S            Linden Cum Co    Robert & Mary

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12-03-1878    Pugwash Cum Co    Pb    Rev John McRae Sutherland
TUCKER    William Henry    20    B    farmer    Earltown Col Co    Hugh & Maria
ANGUS    Anna Lucinda    16    S        Linden Cum Co    Thomas & Catherine

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18-03-1879    Pugwash Cum Co    Bp    Rev Henry Bool
MCKAY    John    24    B    ship carpenter    Port Philip Cum Co    Alexander & Mary
O’BRIEN    Mary E    19    S        Linden Cum Co    Joseph & Matilda

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22-07-1879    Pugwash Cum Co    Bp    Rev Henry Bool
MCLEOD    Daniel    22    B    farmer    Port Howe Cum Co        Angus & Sarah
HOLLIS    Charlotte    24    S        Linden Cum Co    William & Elizabeth

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19-08-1879    Linden Cum Co    Bp    Rev John J Armstrong
SEIFERT    Charles    35    B    cloth man Lowell Mass USA    Charles & Frederica
HUNTER    Rosanna    35    S        Linden Cum Co    H B & Mary

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22-12-1879    Pugwash Cum Co    Bp    Rev John J Armstrong
CARTER    Timothy W    26    B    farmer    Marshfield        Henry & Susanna


MILLS    Mary A    21    S        Linden Cum Co        Thomas & Martha

27-05-1880    Centreville Cum Co    Bp    Rev John J Armstrong
HUNTER    Harris H    25    B    farmer    Linden Cum Co    Harris & Annie
WALKER    Emma    24    S        Beckwith Cum Co        Duncan & Phoebe

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27-05-1884    Wallace Bridge Cum Co    Bp    Rev Henry Bool
HUNTER    Matthew L    23    B    farmer    Linden Cum Co    Hance B & Alice
SCOTT    Annie E J    23    S    Wallace Bridge Cum Co    James & Sarah J

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11-07-1884    Pugwash Cum Co    Bp    Rev Henry Bool
IBBITSON    Charles    21    B    farmer    Linden Cum Co    James & Betsy
RIPLEY    Lizzie    18    S        Linden Cum Co        Joseph & Sarah A

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09-09-1884    Mansfield Cum Co    Bp    Rev E C Corey
WOOD    James H    37    B    farmer    Linden Cum Co    George? & Sarah
SEAMAN    Eva    24    S            E Leicester Cum Co    Thomas & Barbara

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25-11-1884    Linden Cum Co    Bp    Rev Henry Bool
BROWNELL    James W    23    B    merchant Northport Cum Co    Aaron & Mary J
HUNTER    Joanna S    20    S        Linden Cum Co        H B & Alice

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08-12-1884    Port Howe Cum Co    Bp    Rev Henry Bool
BENT    Clifford    26    B    farmer    Salem Cum Co        John & Amelia
ELLIOTT    Amelia    18    S        Port Howe Cum Co        Samuel & Catherine

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26-01-1892    Springhill Cum Co    Pb    Rev David Wright
DARRAGH    Wylie    35    B    farmer    Linden Cum Co        William S & Rachel
DONKIN    Joanna    28    S        Great Village Col Co        William & Mary  

 

21-09-1892    Oxford Cum Co    Bp    Rev E C Corey
HUNTER    Albert    28    B    farmer    Linden Cum Co        William & Jane
MCKAY    Rena    24    S        Port Howe Cum Co        Alexander & Mary

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14-11-1893    Oxford Cum Co    Bp    Rev E C Corey
MILLS    Charles A    26    B    farmer    Linden Cum Co        John & Sarah (foster pts)
WOOD    Alma J    19    S        Mount Pleasant Cum Co    Oliver & Rebecca

PUGWASH

 

70 Water Street: The Clarke House

 

The Clarke House is on lot 103 of the original Black plan of Pugwash. A deed, signed by John and Sarah Black, shows that the land was purchased on Jan. 19, 1847 for 30 pounds by Dr. Joseph Clarke, a physician. The lot was on Water Street starting at Victoria Street and running east 85 feet and south 85 feet.

 

Joseph built a house which he named Napoleon’s Cottage. It also served as his office and his dispensary. In 1854, he also bought lot 106 for 80 pounds. That was on the corner of Water and Durham Street. He sold that land in 1873 to William Henry Brown for $364.00, and it eventually became the war memorial.

 

Dr. Joseph Clarke was born in Kilkenny, Ireland. He emigrated as a young physician and dentist to Nova Scotia. This was unusual as many Irish immigrants were coming to the area, but few were educated. He married Olivia King (Mar. 30, 1827 – Feb. 28, 1910), daughter of Lavina Pineo and Oliver King in about 1850. In 1853, their first child, Cyrilla Clarke (1853 – 1938) was born. She was followed three years later by brother William (1856 – 1882). Child 3, Joseph Holmes Clarke (1860 – 1938) followed soon after being born in 1860. Their newly built house was on Water Street, and Joseph was a successful physician with three children. He practiced out of his house, and it served also as his dispensary.

 

In the 1861 census, he was in a household of 8 in Pugwash, 5 males and 3 females. That same year, Dr. Joseph had a schooner built in Wallace, The Janet. Unfortunately, it sank in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1862. In the 1864 Hutchinson’s Directory, Joseph is listed as a physician and dentist. In the 1871 census, the family of 5 are in Pugwash and living with them are Hiram and Clara Huston. Hiram was an engineer at a steam mill. Servant Maggie Satoris is with them as was a sailor, Joseph Akerly.

 

Daughter Cyrilla married Edgar Augustus Elliott in 1874 in Amherst. Dr. Joseph Clarke was obviously a man of some influence and service to the village. On August 27, 1857, he was appointed coroner for Cumberland County. He held other offices for the village. In 1858, he was an assessor. In 1858 - 60, he served as commissioner of streets. In 1870 and 1875, he was one of three school trustees. In 1871, he was an overseer of the poor. In 1872, he and Dr. Creed participated in the examination of Mr. Macaulay’s 103 students. In 1877, he had a meeting with the premier to change the route of the Northern Light which went to PEI through Pictou. He successfully pressed for it to be changed to going from Pugwash to Victoria instead.

 

The Christian Messenger reported that on Jan. 25, 1880, Dr. Clarke, just before retiring, went into his surgery to get some medicine and made a mistake, taking carbolic acid instead of the preparation he intended to take. Before he had drank the whole dose he discovered his mistake and told his wife that he was poisoned and had only a few minutes to live. Dr. Dakin, who lived just across the street, was at once called and used all possible remedies, but Clarke died in half an hour. The Miramichi Advance added that he had not been well for some time. Dr. Creed and Dr. Mackintosh also arrived but Dr. Clarke was speechless and could only wave his hand to indicate that there was nothing to be done. Reports of his death showed that the deceased had been in practice for a great number of years and had been particularly successful in the treatment of diphtheria. He practiced out of his house, but he also was said to travel into the countryside regardless of weather. He was buried in Palmerston Cemetery.

 

The appraisal of Joseph’s estate showed 3 pieces of real estate – 17 acres of land on Irishtown Road, 1 lot in Pugwash of 80 feet x 80 feet with a house and a barn, and a farm of 150 acres where Thomas Sarson was residing. The lot in Pugwash and the furniture was deeded to Augusta and Cyrilla including the portion owned by son Joseph Holmes. JH relinquished all right to his portion of that land and deeded it to his mother and sister. By the 1881 census, Olivia was a widow. She was living with her daughter Cyrilla Elliott, also a widow, sons William and Joseph Clarke and Cyrilla’s children Daisy and Pearl. In 1891, she was still in her house in Pugwash with Cyrilla, Daisy and Edmund as well as lodgers John Seaman and William Morgan.

 

Olivia was burned out twice. On July 25, 1898, a raging fire struck the Durham Street area. Winds fanned the flames and without a fire department, eighteen families were rendered homeless. Olivia’s house was completely lost along with 17 other properties, including the house and barn of her son, Joseph Holmes Clarke. In 1899, Olivia was rebuilding on the site of her former residence at 70 Water Street. In 1899, Joseph’s daughter Cyrilla married again to Clarence Edward Reed a sea captain in Pictou. Cyrilla’s son Edmund Pearl married Hattie M. Hay that same year in Truro. Her daughter Daisy Elliott married Stephen Percival Wilson also in 1899. Joseph’s brother William had died without having children. In the 1901 census, Olivia is living alone. On Sept. 10, 1901, the Clark house was again damaged by fire resulting from thieves blowing up the safe in Brown’s store which was adjacent. The house caught on fire several times, but was saved by the people. The town had no fire department. Finally, on Nov. 11, 1901, was a large fire that almost wiped out the town of Pugwash. Olivia’s damage was recorded as $1500 for loss of house and furniture. As the winter coal and vegetables had been laid in, the damage was even greater.

 

Olivia had to build again. By January of 1902, they had decided to also build a meat market on the property. This structure was right next door to the house she was also building, the house that is there now. Olivia died on Feb. 28, 1910, of softening of the brain and exhaustion. She is buried in Willow Grove Cemetery. She was C of E. This is interesting because son, Joseph Holmes Clarke and family were RC.

 

In 1911, according to the census, Cyrilla and Edward Reed were living alone in the house.

 

Cyrilla’s brother, Joseph Holmes Clarke (April 8, 1860 – Jan. 13, 1938) was initially employed as a bookkeeper and auctioneer. In 1879, Joseph was a surveyor of lumber. He married Agustia (Gussie) Adilea Walsh (Mar. 17, 1866 -   ) on July 16, 1886 in Pugwash. In 1898, when he was a general merchant, they lived in Pugwash. Their house was burned in 1898, with the loss being assessed at $800 and insurance at $300. In 1901 they were in Pugwash with children Adilea, Joseph and Alexander. They were Roman Catholic. He was a general merchant and also a surveyor of lumber. In 1915, a poem of his was published in Moncton called “Home is home where ere it be”. In 1920 he was a fence viewer. This was a municipal post. He became very active in municipal government, receiving appointment as stripendiary magistrate at Pugwash, acting periodically as returning officer for municipal elections and even running as an unsuccessful Liberal candidate for a seat on County Council in 1922. In 1927, he was a Customs Collector. He also worked for a time as a conductor for the railway out west and as the station agent and telegrapher in Pugwash Junction.

 

In 1911, Joseph, Gussie and the children are all in Pugwash. In 1916, Joseph Holmes is living in a hotel in Cochrane, Ontario working for the railway according to his son’s attestation papers. In 1921 Joseph and Gussie are in Pugwash with son Joseph V. In 1931, they are in Pugwash with Daisy Wilson who is listed as their boarder. She was Joseph’s niece. Joseph was a judge by then. Joseph Holmes and Gussie’s eldest daughter, Adilea Mary Clarke (May 6, 1888 - ) became a teacher. When she retired, she moved into the Clarke house. After Adelia died, the house was empty for some time.

 

JH’s second child, Joseph Valentine Clarke (Feb. 14, 1890 [1901 Census] - ) joined up for WWI in March 1916 from Winnipeg where he was a switchman. He was hit by a bullet on Vimy Ridge, and his right arm was amputated. After his return to Canada, he married Jean Elizabeth Thompson on Sept. 14, 1921. She died, and he married Christina Williams in May of 1928. Chrissy renovated the family house and she and Joseph moved in.

 

He was an insurance agent for 40 years and sold his business in 1969. Jophie and Chrissie’s second child was Joseph. Another child was Marion Clarke who won a beauty contest and from that was offered a contract by the CBC in 1953 to work in television. She gave up her career as host of The Saturday Show in 1957 to marry Darroch MacGillivray. Their third child, Alexander Bernard Clarke (Jan. 31, 1892 – June 13, 1953) also enlisted in 1914. At Ypres, he was wounded and taken prisoner. His leg was amputated. He was returned to Canada in 1917. He married Marie Clarisse Cantin in Calgary and moved to BC. Joseph and Chrissy’s fourth child was James David Clarke. They had grandson Darren Clarke who wrote an article about spending his summers in Pugwash in the Clarke house. According to him, Joseph V. smoked and loved pipes and had a room in his house dedicated to pipes. When Joseph and Chrissie became older, they moved to a smaller house down Water Street. 

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Darren Clarke was a grandson of Joseph and Gussy and son of James David Clarke..  He wrote excerpts from reminiscences for “The Left Field Lark” June 18, 2018 Travel section.

 

Sitting on my grandparents’ sun porch in a rain storm – Pugwash is a tiny little town of 784 that sits on the Northumberland Strait at the mouth of the Pugwash River. My grandparents’ house sat on the corner of the town’s main streets, Water Street and Victoria Street. The sunporch overlooked Water Street and wrapped around half of the length of the house that ran parallel to Victoria. The windows were weathered, vaguely distorting the outside world. If you were sitting in the front of the house, you could look across Water Street and see Pugwash bay, its clay-coloured beach just steps away.

 

Memories of visiting my Grandfather - . . . lounging in lawn chairs beneath the tree in my grandparents’ back yard listening to my grandfather regale me, indeed educate me, with war stories and tales of his time as a magistrate – good decisions, bad decisions, funny decisions, in his endeavour to provide justice, the people he met, the ones that surprised him, the ones he respected, the ones that let him down and beyond that his stories of long lost World War I battlefields, former boxing champions (Tommy Burns) and so much more.

 

My grandfather’s pipes – My dad’s dad had tons of smoking pipes varying from simple corn cob pipes to straightforward wood pipes with plastic ends to crazy cool wood ones, some with improbably intricate metal ends. We loved them. He had an entire room dedicated to his pipes.

 

On the porch -The guns I remember really, rifles which appeared to be circa World War One. There was tons of random stuff there: almanacs, nicnacks, magazines, pins, old metal lighters that didn’t work.

 

The village – memories of collecting bottle caps out front of the same corner store in Pugwash where you bought the little packages of seaweed to eat.

 

70 Water Street was bought by John Caraberis and Bonnie Wood in 1996. They rented it to Dale O’Hara and Erin Horton who turned it into a restaurant known as Walden Pond, named after the book which Dale had been reading. It was a successful business. The current kitchen was the kitchen of the restaurant; there were two rooms which are now the dining room and living room and an outdoor deck on the Victoria Street side. Reception was from Water Street and Dale and Erin lived upstairs. It was next sold to Peter Sietel who used it as a storehouse for antiques.

 

In 2025, it was again bought by John Caraberis and Bonnie Wood. They renovated: municipal water was connected, the foundation was fixed, there was some new wiring and plastering, new heat pumps and a new roof were installed, the sun porch was repaired and a new entrance from Victoria Street was built. , and it is currently being occupied by a family who are new to the area.

 

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